1903: Cremer, Sir William Randal, Great Britain,
1838-1908.
Member of Parliament. Secretary of the International Arbitration
League.
1904: Institut de Droit International (Institute of International Law), Gent, Belgium (a scientific society founded in 1873).
1905: Von Suttner, Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita, née Countess
Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau, Austria, 1843-1914
(born in Prague,
then part of Austria). Writer. Hon. President of the Permanent International
Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern. Author of the
book Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down your Arms).
1906: Roosevelt, Theodore, USA, 1858-1919.
President
of the USA. Drew up the 1905 peace treaty between Russia and Japan.
1907: The prize was divided equally between:
Moneta, Ernesto
Teodoro, Italy, 1833-1918.
President of the Lombard League of Peace
(Societ… internazionale per la pace: Unione Lombarda);
and
Renault,
Louis, France, 1843-1918.
Professor of International Law, the
Sorbonne, Paris.
1908: The prize was divided equally between:
Arnoldson, Klas
Pontus, Sweden, 1844-1916.
Writer, former member of the Swedish
parliament. Founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League (Svenska freds-
og skiljedomsföreningen);
and
Bajer, Fredrik, Denmark,
1837-1922.
Member of the Danish parliament. Hon. President of the Permanent
International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern.
1909: The prize was divided equally between:
Beernaert,
Auguste Marie Francois, Belgium, 1829-1912.
Former Prime Minister,
member of the Belgian parliament, member of the International Court of
Arbitration (Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage) at the
Hague;
and
d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet,
Baron De Constant de Rebecque, France, 1852-1924.
Member of the
French parliament (Sénateur). Founder and President of the French parliamentary
group for international arbitration (Groupe parlementaire de l'arbitrage
international). Founder of the Commitee for the defence of national interests
and international conciliation (Comité de défense des intérêts nationaux et de
conciliation internationale).
1910: The Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern. Founded in 1891.
1911: The prize was divided equally between:
Asser, Tobias
Michael Carel, the Netherlands, 1838-1913.
Lawyer, Cabinet Minister.
Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit
international privé) at the Hague;
and
Fried, Alfred
Hermann, Austria, 1864-1921.
Journalist, founder of the peace journal
Die Waffen Nieder (later renamed Die Friedenswarte).
1912: Reserved.
1913: The prize for 1912:
Root, Elihu, USA,
1845-1937.
Former Secretary of State. Initiator of several arbitration
agreements.
1913: La Fontaine, Henri, Belgium, 1854-1943.
Member
of the Belgian parliament (Sénateur). President of the Permanent International
Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern.
1914: Reserved.
1915: The prize money for 1914 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1915: Reserved.
1916: The prize money for 1915 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1916: Reserved.
1917: The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1917: The International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge), Geneva. Founded in 1863.
1918: Reserved.
1919: The prize money for 1918 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1919: Reserved.
1920: The prize for 1919:
Wilson, Thomas Woodrow,
USA, 1856-1924.
President of the USA. Founder of the League of Nations.
1920: Bourgeois, Léon Victor Auguste, France,
1851-1925.
Former Minister of Culture, Minister of Justice and Prime
Minister, President of parliament, President of the Council of the League of
Nations.
1921: The prize was divided equally between:
Branting, Karl
Hjalmar, Sweden, 1860-1925.
Prime Minister, Swedish delegate to the
Council of the League of Nations;
and
Lange, Christian Lous,
Norway, 1869-1938.
Secretary General of Inter-Parliamentary Union (Bureau
interparlementaire), Brussels.
1922: Nansen, Fridtjof, Norway, 1861-1930.
Explorer,
scientist and humanitarian. Norway's delegate to the League of Nations.
Initiator of the Nansen Passport (for refugees).
1923: Reserved.
1924: The prize money for 1923 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1924: Reserved.
1925: The prize money for 1924 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1925: Reserved.
1926: The prize for 1925 was divided equally
between:
Chamberlain, Sir (Joseph) Austen, Great Britain,
1863-1937.
Foreign Minister. A negotiator of the Locarno Treaty;
and
Dawes, Charles Gates, USA, 1865-1951.
Vice President of the
USA. Chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission and originator of the Dawes
Plan.
1926: The prize was divided equally between:
Briand,
Aristide, France, 1862-1932.
Foreign Minister, a negotiator of the
Locarno Treaty and the Briand-Kellogg Pact;
and
Stresemann,
Gustav, Germany, 1878-1929.
Former Chancellor, Foreign Minister. A
negotiator of the Locarno Treaty.
1927: The prize was divided equally between:
Buisson,
Ferdinand Edouard, France, 1841-1932.
Former Professor at the
Sorbonne, Paris. Founder and President of the League of Human Rights (Ligue des
Droits de l'Homme);
and
Quidde, Ludwig, Germany,
1858-1941.
Historian, professor honoris causa, member of the Bavarian
parliament; member of Germany's constituent assembly 1919; delegate to numerous
peace conferences.
1928: Reserved.
1929: The prize money for 1928 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1929: Reserved.
1930: The prize for 1929:
Kellogg, Frank Billings,
USA, 1856-1937.
Former Secretary of State. Negotiated the Briand-Kellogg
Pact.
1930: Söderblom, Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan), Sweden,
1866-1931.
Archbishop, leader of the ecumenical movement.
1931: The prize was divided equally between:
Addams,
Jane, USA, 1860-1935.
Sociologist. International President of the
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom;
and
Butler,
Nicholas Murray, USA, 1862-1947.
President of Columbia University,
promoter of the Briand-Kellogg Pact.
1932: Reserved.
1933: The prize money for 1932 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1933: Reserved.
1934: The prize for 1933:
Angell (Lane), Sir (Ralph)
Norman, Great Britain, 1874-1967.
Writer. Member of the Executive
Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council. Author of the
book The Great Illusion, among others.
1934: Henderson, Arthur, Great Britain,
1863-1935.
Former Foreign Secretary. Chairman of the League of Nations
Disarmament Conference 1932-34.
1935: Reserved.
1936: The prize for 1935:
Ossietzky, Carl von,
Germany, 1889-1938.
Journalist (with Die Weltbühne, among others), pacifist.
1936: Saavedra Lamas, Carlos, Argentina,
1878-1959.
Foreign Minister, President of the League of Nations, arbitrator
in the dispute between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935.
1937: Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert
Gascoyne Cecil), Great Britain, 1864-1958.
Writer. Former Lord Privy
Seal, founder and President of the International Peace Campaign.
1938: The Nansen International Office for Refugees (Office
International Nansen pour les Réfugiés), Geneva.
An international aid
organization established by Fridtjof Nansen in 1921.
1939-1942: Of the prize money for this period, one-third was
transferred to the Main Fund
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund.
1943: Reserved.
1944: One-third of the prize money for 1943 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1944: Reserved.
1945: The prize for 1944:
The International Committee of the
Red Cross, Geneva.
Founded 1863.
1945: Hull, Cordell, USA, 1871-1955.
Former
Secretary of State. One of the initiators of the United Nations.
1946: The prize was divided equally between:
Balch, Emily
Greene, USA, 1867-1961.
Former Professor of History and Sociology.
International President of the Women's International League for Peace and
Freedom;
and
Mott, John Raleigh, USA, 1865-1955.
Chairman
of the first International Missionary Council in 1910, President of the World
Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations.
1947: The prize was divided equally between:
The Friends
Service Council, London.
Founded in 1647;
and
The
American Friends Service Committee (the Quakers), Washington.
The
society's first official meeting was held in 1672.
1948: Reserved.
1949: One-third of the prize money for 1948 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1949: Orr of Brechin, Baron John Boyd, Great Britain,
1880-1971.
Physician, nutritionist, leading organizer and Director General of
the UN Food and Agricultural Organization, President of the National Peace
Council and the World Union of Peace Organizations.
1950: Bunche, Ralph, USA, 1904-1971.
Professor at
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., Director of the UN Division of
Trusteeship, mediator in Palestine in 1948.
1951: Jouhaux, Léon, France, 1879-1954.
President of
the trade union CGT-Force Ouvrière, President of the International Committee of
the European Council, Vice President of the International Confederation of Free
Trade Unions, Vice President of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of
the ILO Council, delegate to the UN.
1952: Reserved.
1953: The prize for 1952:
Schweitzer, Albert, France,
1875-1965.
(Born in Kaysersberg, Alsace, then part of Germany.)
Physician
and missionary, founder of the Lambarene Hospital in Gabon.
1953: Marshall, George Catlett, USA,
1880-1959.
General, President of the American Red Cross, former Secretary of
State and of Defense, delegate to the UN, originator of the Marshall Plan.
1954: Reserved.
1955: The prize for 1954:
The Office of the UN High
Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva.
An international aid organization
established by the UN in 1951.
1955: Reserved.
1956: One-third of the prize money for 1955 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1956: Reserved.
1957: One-third of the prize money for 1956 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1957: Pearson, Lester Bowles, Canada,
1897-1972.
Former Foreign Minister, President of the UN General Assembly
1952.
1958: Pire, Georges, Belgium, 1910-1969.
Dominican,
head of the aid organization for refugees L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde.
1959: Noel-Baker, Philip John, Great Britain,
1889-1982.
Member of Parliament. Campaigner for international cooperation and
peace.
1960: Reserved.
1961: The prize for 1960:
Lutuli, Albert John, South
Africa, 1898-1967.
(Born in Southern Rhodesia.) President of the South
African liberation movement the African National Congress.
1961: Hammarskjöld, Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl, Sweden,
1905-1961
(awarded the Prize posthumously).
UN Secretary General.
1962: Reserved.
1963: The prize for 1962:
Pauling, Linus Carl, USA,
1901-1994.
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
Campaigner especially for an end to nuclear weapons tests.
1963: The prize was divided equally between:
The
International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva.
Founded in
1863;
and
The League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva.
1964: King, Martin Luther, Jr., USA,
1929-1968.
Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner
for civil rights.
1965: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York,
established by the UN in 1946. An international aid organization.
1966: Reserved.
1967: One-third of the prize money for 1966 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1967: Reserved.
1968: One-third of the prize money for 1967 was transferred to the
Main Fund,
and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1968: Cassin, René, France, 1887-1976.
President of
the European Court of Human Rights.
1969: The International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva.
1970: Borlaug, Norman Ernest, USA, 1914-.
Led
research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico City.
1971: Brandt, Willy, West Germany, 1913-1992.
Former
Chancellor, initiator of West Germany's «Ostpolitik», embodying a new attitude
towards Eastern Europe and East Germany.
1972: Reserved.
1973: The prize money for 1972 was transferred to the Main Fund.
1973: The prize was divided equally between:
Kissinger, Henry
A., USA, 1923-.
Former Secretary of State;
and
Le Duc
Tho, North Vietnam, 1910-1990.
(Declined the prize.)
Jointly
negotiated the Vietnam peace accord in 1973.
1974: The prize was divided equally between:
MacBride,
Seán, Ireland, 1904-1988.
President of the International Peace
Bureau, Geneva. UN Commissioner for Namibia;
and
Sato,
Eisaku, Japan, 1901-1975.
Former Prime Minister.
1975: Sakharov, Andrei, the Soviet Union,
1921-1989.
Campaigner for human rights.
1976: Reserved.
1977: The prize for 1976 was divided equally
between:
Williams, Betty, Northern Ireland,
1943-.
Co-founder of the Peace People;
and
Corrigan,
Mairead, Northern Ireland, 1944-.
Co-founder of the Peace People.
1977: Amnesty International, London.
A worldwide
organization for the protection of the rights of prisoners of conscience.
1978: The prize was divided equally between:
Al-Sadat,
Mohammad Anwar, Egypt, 1918-1981.
President of
Egypt;
and
Begin, Menachem, Israel, 1913-1992.
Prime
Minister. Jointly negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel.
1979: Mother Teresa, India, 1914-1997.
Leader of the
Order of the Missionaries of Charity.
1980: Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo, Argentina,
1931-.
Architect, campaigner for human rights.
1981: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva.
1982: The prize was divided equally between:
Myrdal,
Alva, Sweden, 1902-1986.
Former Minister, diplomat and delegate to UN
disarmament conferences;
and
García Robles, Alfonso, Mexico,
1911-1991.
Diplomat and campaigner for disarmament.
1983: Walesa, Lech, Poland, 1943-.
Founder of
Solidarity, campaigner for human rights.
1984: Tutu, Desmond Mpilo, South Africa,
1931-.
Bishop, former Secretary General of the South African Council of
Churches.
1985: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Boston.
1986: Wiesel, Elie, USA, 1928-.
Author, humanitarian.
1987: Arias Sánchez, Oscar, Costa Rica,
1941-.
President of Costa Rica, initiator of peace negotiations in Central
America.
1988: The United Nations Peace-keeping Forces.
1989: The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, Tibet,
1935-.
Religious and political leader of the Tibetan people.
1990: Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich, the Soviet Union,
1931-.
President of the Soviet Union, helped to bring the Cold War to an
end.
1991: Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma, 1945-.
Oppositional
leader, human rights advocate.
1992: Menchú Tum, Rigoberta, Guatemala,
1959-.
Campaigner for human rights, especially for indigenous peoples.
1993: The prize was divided equally between:
Mandela,
Nelson, South Africa, 1918-.
Leader of the
ANC.
and
Klerk, Frederik Willem de, South Africa,
1936-.
President of the Republic of South Africa.
1994: The prize was divided equally between:
Arafat,
Yasser, Palestine, 1929-.
Chairman of the PLO.
and
Peres,
Shimon, Israel, 1923-.
Foreign minister of
Israel.
and
Rabin, Yitzhak, Israel, 1922-1995.
Prime
minister of Israel.
Awarded for their efforts to create peace in the Middle
East.
1995: The prize was divided equally between:
Rotblat,
Joseph, England, 1908-.
and
Pugwash Conferences on Science
and World Affairs, 1957-.
For their efforts to diminish the part
played by nuclear arms in international politics.
1996: The prize was divided equally between:
Belo, Carlos
Filipe Ximenes, East-Timor, 1948-.
and
Ramos-Horta, José
, East-Timor, 1949-.
For their work towards a just and peaceful solution
to the conflict in East Timor.
1997: The prize was divided equally between:
International
Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL),
and
Jody Williams,
USA, 1950-.
1998: The prize was divided equally between:
John
Hume, Northern Irland, 1937-
and
David Trimble,
Northern Irland, 1944-.
For their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the
conflict in Northern Ireland.
1999:
Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans
Frontières)
In recognition of the organisation's pioneering
humanitarian work on several continents.